佰莱博生物IF小分子免疫荧光实验服务

一、技术介绍

免疫荧光技术是在免疫学、生物化学和显微镜技术的基础上建立起来的一项技术。它是根据抗原抗体反应的原理,先将已知的抗原或抗体标记上荧光基团,再用这种荧光抗体(或抗原)作为探针检查细胞或组织内的相应抗原(或抗体)。利用荧光显微镜可以看见荧光所在的细胞或组织,从而确定抗原或抗体的性质和定位。

小分子免疫荧光则是在免疫荧光的基础上,对进入细胞并与靶蛋白相结合的活性小分子(如药物小分子)进行荧光标记,将靶蛋白通过免疫组化的方法染色后,最后通过荧光显微镜对二者的共定位进行检测。


二、实验基本流程

1. 探针制备:活性小分子标记以及标记后的小分子活性鉴定。

2. 标记后的小分子与细胞孵育,孵育完成后对细胞进行固定、通透,通过免疫组化对目的蛋白进行免疫荧光染色

3. 通过生物正交反应对小分子进行荧光基团的偶联。

4. 荧光显微镜观察二者的共定位。

图1 小分子免疫荧光实验基本流程图

三、案例介绍
案例一:小分子免疫荧光证明果糖-1,6-二磷酸(FBP)与ALDH2(线粒体代谢酶-乙醛脱氢酶2)在活细胞内存在共定位[1]
研究者将光报告分子-双吖丙啶连接到 FBP 上。实验时,将 FBP 探针与细胞进行孵育,待 FBP 与靶蛋白结合后,对细胞进行固定、通透,接着通过点击化学反应给 FBP 偶联上荧光基团,再通过正常的免疫荧光方法对 ALDH2 进行荧光染色,在共聚焦显微镜下观察到了 FBP 与 ALDH2 的共定位。本研究也通过 MST(微量热泳动)、分子对接(molecular docking)、小分子pull-down验证了二者之间的相互作用。
图2 小分子免疫荧光、小分子pull-down、MST(微量热泳动)和分子对接(molecular docking)证明 FBP 和 ALDH2 的相互作用


Fluorescence imaging
To determine the subcellular localization of the PA-FBP, HepG2 cells were plated in 8- well coverslips (Cellvis, C8-1.5H-N) overnight to reach 70% confluence. The growth medium was aspirated, and the cells were incubated with 10 mM PA-FBP at 37 °C for 90 min. The cells were washed with PBS for three times, and the cells was exposed to 365- nm UV light for 5 min on ice, as described above. Cells were treated with 0.1% TritonX100/PBS and then were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde Fix Solution for 15 min. Fixed cells were washed 3 × 5 min with PBS. The cells were reacted with 50 µM CuSO4/BTTAA (1:6), 50 µM TMARA-N3 (82561-66-9), and 2.5 mM sodium ascorbate for 15 min at room S9 temperature in the dark. The reaction mixture was aspirated, and the cells were washed 3 × 5 min with PBS. The fixed cells were blocked at room temperature for 30 min, and the cells were washed 3 × 5 min with PBS. The cells incubated with primary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h followed by incubation with secondary antibodies, Hoechst and MitoTracker Deep Red at room temperature for 30 min. The cells were washed 3 × 5 min with PBST and the coverslips were then imaged on a Zeiss LSM880 confocal microscope.


案例二:小分子免疫荧光证明马兜铃酸(AA)与多个蛋白靶点(异柠檬酸脱氢酶2、苹果酸脱氢酶2以及丙酮酸激酶1/2)存在共定位[2]
本研究将标记后的AA与活细胞孵育,待AA与靶蛋白结合后,对活细胞进行通透固定,再通过点击化学反应给 FBP 偶联上荧光基团,再通过正常的免疫荧光方法对异柠檬酸脱氢酶2(IDH2)、苹果酸脱氢酶2(MDH2)以及丙酮酸激酶1/2(PKM)进行荧光染色,在共聚焦显微镜下观察到了AA与这三个蛋白的共定位。本研究也通过 CETSA(细胞热迁移技术)、分子对接(molecular docking)、小分子pull-down 验证了二者之间的相互作用。
图3 小分子免疫荧光、小分子pull-down 和 CETSA(细胞热迁移技术)证明AA和多个蛋白的相互作用
图4 分子对接(molecular docking)预测AA和多种蛋白的对接模式
Fluorescence imaging
To track the cellular location of the AA-probe, fluorescence imaging studies were performed. HK-2 cells were seeded in the 4-chamber dishes and incubated with AA-probe at different concentrations with or without original compounds. After incubation for 4 h, fluorescence imaging was implemented as previously described.For co-localization of AA-probe and target proteins, immunofluorescence staining was carried out based on probe imaging in situ. The primary antibodies were anti-IDH2 (Abcam, UK), anti-ATP synthase (Abcam, UK), anti-MDH2 (Abcam, UK) and anti-PKM (Proteintech, USA). Finally, cellular imaging was acquired with a confocal fluorescence microscopy (Leica TCS-SP8-SR, Germany).

四、参考文献

[1]. Li, Tian & Wang, Anhui & Zhang, Yanling & Chen, Wei & Guo, Yanshen & Yuan, Xia & Liu, Yuan & Geng, Yiqun. (2024). Chemoproteomic Profiling of Signaling Metabolite Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Interacting Proteins in Living Cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 146. 10.1021/jacs.4c01335.

[2]. Zhang Q, Luo P, Chen J, et al. Dissection of Targeting Molecular Mechanisms of Aristolochic Acid-induced Nephrotoxicity via a Combined Deconvolution Strategy of Chemoproteomics and Metabolomics. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18(5):2003-2017. Published 2022 Feb 21. doi:10.7150/ijbs.69618



佰莱博生物利用小分子免疫荧光,Target engagement (TE) assay、CETSA、GST Pull-Down、Small Pull-Down、Co-IP、体外药筛 (AlphaScreen、ADP-Glo、TR-FRET)、生物物理检测平台 (BLI、SPR、MST、ITC)、化合物合成、生物偶联、蛋白表达纯化、计算机模拟 (分子对接、虚拟筛选、反向找靶、分子动力学模拟)、高内涵细胞成像与分析系统 (HCS,High-content screening)、Incucyte®长时间活细胞成像分析系统、酶联免疫斑点技术 (ELISPOT)、Luminex液相悬浮芯片技术等多种检测技术、与nanoDSF、MALS (动静态光散射)、AUC (分析型超离)、CD (圆二色光谱技术) 等检测技术平台交叉验证。提供生物分子互作分析、药物筛选、化合物合成及生物偶联、蛋白表达纯化、细胞因子检测、生物大分子表征及制剂筛选等实验服务。

目前,佰博莱生物分子互作平台已经具有 T 细胞的主要免疫调节因子 (Gal-1,Gal-3和Gal-9)、与糖尿病相关的胰岛素受体 (IR-A、IR-B、IGF-1R)、GLP-1R、HSA 等重要靶点相关亲和力研究、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF 121、VEGF165)、免疫球蛋白 Fc 受体 (Fcγ RI、Fcγ RIIB、Fcγ RIIIA、不同种属的FcRn) 相关亲和力研究、免疫球蛋白超家族的细胞黏附分子 (Nectin-1,Nectin-2,Nectin-3,Nectin-4) 及整合素家族 (aVβ5、ITGB1、aVβ3等) 相关亲和力等重要靶点研究亲和力检测服务以及基于AlphaScreen技术的 (EED、ERα、Galectin 3等靶点) 高通量化合物筛选服务。